基于局部体样条函数的海洋盐度场建模     

杨振发  万刚  李锋  张宗佩 《测绘工程》2015,(8):30-34

海洋盐度是海洋水文要素的重要组成部分,是海洋战场环境研究的重点。在介绍海水盐度数据特点的基础上,采用局部体样条函数法对散乱的大规模盐度场标量数据进行建模,并利用遗传算法和非线性规划相结合的方法解决体样条函数法的区域划分问题。通过一组实测数据进行建模实验并将得到的数据场进行可视化,表明该方法适用于大规模散乱数据场的建模,可为海洋战场环境的数据分析和场景构建提供建模手段。  相似文献   

煤系沉积岩应力–应变与应变–渗透率特征     

季小凯  郭建斌  邢同菊  谭希鹏 《煤田地质与勘探》2015,(3)

通过对济宁三号煤矿岩样进行现场采取和室内试验分析,探究对开采有威胁的3煤层顶板砂岩和红层的渗透率特征。试验结果表明,中粗砂岩的渗透率最大,泥岩样的渗透率相对较小;应力对岩石的渗透率有很大的影响,主要体现在节理的法向闭合和剪胀效应,其中应力剪胀能显著地改变岩石节理的渗透性;岩石应变渗透率曲线,表现出渗透率峰值"滞后"的特点;在岩石处于弹塑性阶段时候,渗透率的变化剧烈且具有不可预测性,然而岩石渗透率与体积应变有很好的一致性。通过对实验结果的归纳总结,本文将岩石在全应力应变过程中渗透率变化划分成5个阶段:微裂隙压密闭合阶段、微裂隙随机扩展阶段、裂隙扩展贯通阶段、裂隙错动充分发育阶段和裂隙二次闭合阶段。  相似文献   

2019年6月17日长宁MS6.0地震前地震活动和水位的加卸载响应比异常研究     

马震  于晨  张小涛  余怀忠 《中国地震》2020,36(3):550-560

加卸载响应比（LURR）方法是通过固体潮加卸载过程中的某一物理参数的响应差异探查区域应力场演化。本文将这一方法应用于2019年6月17日四川长宁M_S6.0地震，根据LURR时序演化探查震源区介质的应力状态变化，提取可能的震前异常信息。首先采用贝尼奥夫应变作为响应量计算LURR，通过固体潮在地震断层面的最优滑动方向上引起的库仑破坏应力变化来判断加载还是卸载，结果显示LURR值自2018年年初开始快速增加并在2018年年中达到峰值，此后异常持续至地震。在此基础上对该地区的大地形变和地下井水位资料进行了LURR分析，发现水富水平摆倾斜仪的东西和南北分量在LURR出现异常的同期发生明显偏转，而地震周边的地下井水位高值变化过程与长宁地震也有较好的对应关系。研究表明在长宁地震发生前，存在地震活动和地下水位的LURR异常，且异常时间与水富倾斜同步，暗示震源区介质存在明显的应力积累过程。  相似文献   

决口海堤水波传播模拟和分析研究Ⅱ:2D传播     

王驰  王红  段子冰  周正萍  左其华 《海洋工程》2019,37(6):74-85

应用经验证的SWASH数学模型,分析了海堤决口中心线沿线实测水深分布规律和保护区淹没水量与淹没面积。对不同特征水深进行验证,进而探讨不同波要素对不同形式的海堤决口堤后特征水深分布情况以及波浪传播距离与时间的关系;分析了物理模型试验中海堤决口宽度以及不同波要素对堤后洪水波演进的影响;计算了不同决口深度和宽度对洪水波传播的影响,建立堤后水体淹没水量和淹没面积分布公式。成果可供我国沿海城市和地区在风暴潮和台风浪作用下海堤决口风险图绘制参考。  相似文献   

四川省CORS网地壳运动速度场模型研究     

汤伟尧  师悦龄  丁一航 《大地测量与地球动力学》2018,38(5):464-468

使用GAMIT/GLOBK解算2006~2015年覆盖四川地区的50个CORS站的观测数据，并提取坐标时间序列，获得速度场模型。对四川省整体地壳运动以及区域应变场进行分析，结果表明，四川省CORS站水平方向平均速度为38.72 mm/a，速度场的优势方向为S73.9°E；欧亚框架下水平方向平均速度为14.40 mm/a，优势方向为S77.78°E，较ITRF2008框架下的速度降低了24.32 mm/a；垂直方向平均速度为3.43 mm/a，整体上表现为隆升状态，位于东部平原的少部分测站处于下降趋势，可能是由于城市建设、地下水或者煤矿、石油等自然资源的过度采伐导致；最大主应变率达到7.31×10-11/a，最小主应变率为-5.4×10-11/a，其中区域地壳面膨胀率高值区域集中在川西，低值区域和最大剪切应变率高值区域分布在三大断裂带附近。  相似文献   

基于GPS速度场的云南地壳应力积累特征分析     

唐红涛  贾鹏  刘芳 《大地测量与地球动力学》2018,38(2):125-128

利用2009~2015年的GPS水平运动速度场数据，解算云南地区的地壳应变场，在红河断裂与曲江断裂选取两个GPS剖面，计算并分析两个断裂的应变积累特征。结果显示：1）红河、曲江、小江等多个主要断裂应变场存在张、压交替的时空演化特征，近期曲江断裂南段表现为东西向拉张，红河断裂北段东西向拉张量值较大，约12.0×10-8/a，云南南部主要表现为NNE向的压性变化；2）从GPS剖面看，红河、曲江断裂在两个方向上均显示右旋走滑与拉张的变化特征，从量值上看，红河断裂北段运动速率较大,约8.90 mm/a。  相似文献   

重复循环荷载作用下原状黄土动力特性试验研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

文少杰  张吾渝  王鹏 《地震工程学报》2020,42(6):1659-1665

为探究重复循环荷载作用下含水率、固结压力对原状黄土动力特性、变形性状的影响规律，利用英国GDS双向动态三轴试验系统模拟交通荷载，对海东地区原状黄土进行动三轴试验研究。试验结果表明：单一重复循环动荷载作用下，在加载初期，海东地区原状黄土的轴向动应变随着循环次数的增大急剧增加，后期缓慢增加至趋于稳定，即发生应变硬化现象。在加载初期，含水率、固结压力对原状黄土的轴向动应变无明显影响，当循环次数N>400时，原状黄土的轴向动应变随含水率的升高而增加，随固结压力的增大而减小。动剪切模量随循环次数的增加出现先减小后增加再减小的变化，随含水率的升高有较大幅度的降低。动阻尼比随循环次数的增加先增加后减小，随含水率的升高而增大。表明海东地区原状黄土所具有的大孔隙架空结构使其在重复循环荷载作用下易发生振动变形。  相似文献   

Evaluating soil moisture estimation from ground-penetrating radar hyperbola fitting with respect to a systematic time-domain reflectometry data collection in a boreal podzolic agricultural field     

Chameera Illawathure  Gary Parkin  Sébastien Lambot  Lakshman Galagedara 《水文研究》2020,34(6):1428-1445

The upper 30 cm of the soil profile, which hosts the majority of the root biomass, can be considered as the shallow agricultural root zone of most temperate crops. The electromagnetic wave velocity in the soil obtained from reflection hyperbolas in ground-penetrating radar (GPR) data can be used to estimate soil moisture (SM). Finding shallow hyperbolas in a radargram and minimizing the subjective error associated with the hyperbola fitting are the main challenges in this approach. Nevertheless, we were motivated by the recent improvements of hyperbola fitting algorithms, which can reduce the subjective error and processing time. To overcome the difficulty of finding very shallow hyperbolas, we applied the hyperbola fitting method to reflections ranging from 27- to 50-cm depth using a 500-MHz centre-frequency GPR and compared the estimated moisture with vertically installed, 30-cm-long time-domain reflectometry (TDR) sensors. We also compared TDR and GPR sample areas in a 2-D plane using different GPR survey types and different hyperbola depths. SM measured with TDR and GPR were not significantly different according to Mann–Whitney's test. Our analyses showed that a root mean square error of 0.03 m³ m⁻³ was found between the two methods. In conclusion, the proposed method might be suitable to estimate SM with an acceptable accuracy within the root zone if the soil profile is fairly uniform within the application depth range.  相似文献   

One Million Years tephra record at IODP Sites U1436 and U1437: Insights into explosive volcanism from the Japan and Izu arcs          下载免费PDF全文

Julie Christin Schindlbeck  Steffen Kutterolf  Susanne M. Straub  Graham D. M. Andrews  Kuo‐Lung Wang  Maryline J. Mleneck‐Vautravers 《Island Arc》2018,27(3)

The 1 Myr tephra records of IODP (International Ocean Discovery Program) Holes U1436A and U1437B in the Izu‐Bonin fore‐ and reararc were investigated in order to assess provenance and eruptive volumes, respectively. In total, 304 tephra samples were examined and 260 primary tephra layers were identified. Tephra provenance was determined by means of major and trace element compositions of glass shards and distinguished between Japan and Izu‐Bonin arc origin of the tephra layers. A total of 33 marine tephra compositions were correlated to the Japan arc and 227 to the Izu arc. Twenty marine tephra layers were correlated between the two drilling sites. Additionally, we defined eleven correlations of marine tephra deposits to major widespread Japanese eruptions; from the 1.05 Ma Shishimuta‐Pink Tephra to the 30 ka Aira‐Tn Tephra, both from Kyushu Island. These eruptions provide independent time markers within the sediment record and six correlations were used to date tephra layers from Japan in Hole U1436A to establish an alternative age model for this hole. Furthermore, the minimum distal tephra volumes of all detected events were calculated, which enabled the comparison of the tephra volumes that derived from the Japan and the Izu‐Bonin arcs. For some of the major Japanese eruptions these are the first volume estimations that also include distal deposits. All of the Japanese tephras derived from events with eruption magnitude M_v ≥ 5.6 and three of the investigated eruptions reach magnitudes M_v ≥ 7. Volcanic events of the Izu‐Bonin arc have mostly eruption magnitudes M_v ≤ 5.  相似文献   

Ocean current estimation using a Multi-Model Ensemble Kalman Filter during the Grand Lagrangian Deployment experiment (GLAD)     

《Ocean Modelling》2015

In the summer and fall of 2012, during the GLAD experiment in the Gulf of Mexico, the Consortium for Advanced Research on Transport of Hydrocarbon in the Environment (CARTHE) used several ocean models to assist the deployment of more than 300 surface drifters. The Navy Coastal Ocean Model (NCOM) at 1 km and 3 km resolutions, the US Navy operational NCOM at 3 km resolution (AMSEAS), and two versions of the Hybrid Coordinates Ocean Model (HYCOM) set at 4 km were running daily and delivering 72-h range forecasts. They all assimilated remote sensing and local profile data but they were not assimilating the drifter’s observations. This work presents a non-intrusive methodology named Multi-Model Ensemble Kalman Filter that allows assimilating the local drifter data into such a set of models, to produce improved ocean currents forecasts. The filter is to be used when several modeling systems or ensembles are available and/or observations are not entirely handled by the operational data assimilation process. It allows using generic in situ measurements over short time windows to improve the predictability of local ocean dynamics and associated high-resolution parameters of interest for which a forward model exists (e.g. oil spill plumes). Results can be used for operational applications or to derive enhanced background fields for other data assimilation systems, thus providing an expedite method to non-intrusively assimilate local observations of variables with complex operators. Results for the GLAD experiment show the method can improve water velocity predictions along the observed drifter trajectories, hence enhancing the skills of the models to predict individual trajectories.  相似文献